Local and Global Variables in Python

Problem:Explain the concepts of local a nd g lobal va riables in Python. Describe how they differ, when to use them, and provide examples illustrating their usage.

Solution:In Python, variables are categorized into two main types: local variables and global variables, based on their scope and accessibility.

Local Variables:

- Local variables are defined and used within a specific function or block of code.
- They are accessible only within the function or block in which they are defined.
- Local variables have a limited scope and are destroyed when the function or block exits.

def my_function () :
    x = 10 # This is a local variable
    print(x)

my_function() # 10
# Attempting to access x here would result in an error

When to Use Local Variables:

Use local variables when you need temporary storage for data within a specific function or block.
Local variables help encapsulate data and prevent unintentional modification from other parts of the program.
They have a shorter lifespan and are typically used for short-term calculations.

Global Variables:

- Global variables are defined at the top level of a Python script or module, outside of any function or block.
- They are accessible from anywhere within the script or module, including within functions.
- Global variables have a broader scope and persist throughout the program's execution.

y = 20  #This is global variable
def another_function() :
    print(y) # Accessing the global variable y

another_function() # 20

When to Use Global Variables:

- Use global variables when you need data to be accessible across multiple functions or throughout the entire program.
- Global variables can store configuration settings, constants, or data that should persist throughout the program's execution.
- Be cautious when using global variables to avoid unintentional side effects or conflicts between different parts of the program.

Local and Global Variables in Python